About us: Writer's Web is a free, public-access handbook designed & maintained by University of Richmond students & faculty. Copyright: Please consult policies at outside sites linked from this page. For all materials housed on our server, non-commercial users may incorporate any pages needed into their classes, institutional resources, or publications provided that they either reproduce pages in their entirety or make a full citation if only a portion of a page is used. Please contact contact Writing Center Director Joe Essid, jessid@richmond.edu , with corrections, questions, or suggestions. Explore topics by stages of the writing process Or try our topic index & search engine. Getting Started-- Where to Start a Paper Working with Groups on Papers by David Roberts (coming soon) Writing for Professors: Get in the Driver's Seat by David Roberts Confronting Writing Anxiety by Lauren Cone Core-Course Expectations Freewriting: A Way Around Writer's Block Brainstorming for Ideas Effective Reading Strategies by Amy Addison Keeping a Pre-writing Journal by Amy Addison Clustering Ideas by Melanie Dawson & Joe Essid Exploring Ideas Through "Cubing" by Melanie Dawson Planning to Write Introductions Building Writing Confidence by G.M. Smith Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Writing in the Disciplines-- Writing in Biology by Molly Cage and Jon Wakefield Writing in French by Alicia Surdyk Writing in History by Glen Henkle Writing in Political Science by David Roberts & Political Science faculty (beta version) Scientific Writing: Qs about a Journal Article by Dr. John Bishop Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Writing First Drafts-- Writing a Book Review by U Houston Victoria's Academic Center Writing Summaries from the UVic Writer's Guide Thesis Statements Multiple-Subject Papers Analytic Research Papers Literary Terms: A list from the English 299 syllabus Writing Effective Conclusions Writing Effective Paragraphs Writing Exam Essays from UVic Writer's Guide Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Focusing & Connecting Ideas-- Adding Action & Clarity to Writing Concise Writing: Using Lanham's Paramedic Method Glossing: A way to check the focus of paragraphs Transitional Phrases by Joanna Taraba Using Transitions Focusing Sentences Through Parallelism Focusing Sentences Through Subordination Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Analysis, Argument-- What is Analysis? Reasoning & Its Errors by David Roberts Good Reasoning: Arguing Cogently General Inferential Errors Errors in Causation Errors in Generalization Other Reasoning Fallacies Supporting Arguments & Avoiding Fallacies Writing Critically: A Guide to Tasks & Questions Using Details to Support a Claim The Three Appeals: 3000 Years of Success! Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Editing a Draft-- Editing Checklist Warning Signs of a Rushed Paper Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Peer Editing Strategies-- Do's and Don'ts of Written Commentary by Adria Bader Peer Editing Guide Writing Critically: A Guide to Tasks & Questions Tips for English-as-a-second-language (ESL) conferences Addressing Grammar Problems in Conferences What to Expect from a Writing Center Conference by Ryan Jackson Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Punctuation-- Commas Semicolons by Liz Atkins Quotation Marks Apostrophes, Possessives, and Contractions Other Punctuation--Colons, Parentheses, Ellipses, etc. Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Sentence Structure & Mechanics-- Misplaced Modifiers: The funniest errors in the world Agreement: Nouns & Pronouns Agreement: Subject & Verb Writing About Events in Books: Past Tense? Present? Complete Sentences vs. Fragments Run-on Sentences Abbreviations Capitalization Titles: Underline or Quotations? Using Numbers & Numerals by Amy Addison Using Articles: A, An, The Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Editing for Clarity & Style-- Guidelines for Nonsexist Usage Commonly Confused Words Avoiding Cliches and Tired Phrases Confusing Pronouns Putting Voice into Writing by Krysti Sibley Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Documentation-- APA, Turabian, MLA: print & electronic sources (UR Libraries) APA Documentation: Print Sources--our page MLA Documentation: in-text citations--our page Guide to Turabian's Manual for Writers: our page Examples of Chicago/Turabian: from the Chicago Manual of Style's site Examples of each model of documentation Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Using Sources Effectively-- Introduction to Using Source Materials Creative Use of Sources by Heather Logan Effective Direct Quotations Incorporating Quotations Using Paraphrases Sources: Past Tense? Present? by Melanie Dawson & Joe Essid Titles: Underline or Quotations? Quotation Marks Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Writing On-Line Basics of Electronic Writing Columbia Guide to Online Style (Janice R. Walker & Todd Taylor) Table of Contents | A-Z Topic List Many other topics are available through the University of Victoria's Writer's Guide; thanks to Arnie Keller for granting permission to place UVic links here. Thanks to The McKenzie Group and Allfreelance.com for listing us.